The brachial plexus is a nerve bundle group located in the neck and upper-shoulder area. The brachial plexus originates from the neck levels of approximately C5, C6, C7, and T1. Three main nerves come out the plexus: the median nerve, the ulnar nerve and the radial nerve. Other smaller nerves also sprout off this bundle. These nerves continue down the arm, to the hand, controlling muscles and receiving sensory input such as heat, cold and touch.

Injury to this area usually happens as a result of trauma, leading to the nerves in the brachial plexus becoming over stretched. Typically, the injury is caused by a blow to the neck or shoulder, often from a motor vehicle accident or a sports injury (known as a "stinger").

Because nerves are involved in the injury, the symptoms can vary from person to person. Symptoms can range from a mild pain in the neck or arm to feelings of tingling as well as numbness. Sometimes feelings of hot and cold changes may be present. In severe cases, when the nerves are torn, paralysis of the arm may result.

Treatment initially begins with anti-inflammatory medication. Some of the new medications can help target the nerve tissue directly. Other modalities such as ice and ultrasound can help relieve the pain and reduce inflammation.

As the healing progresses, gentle range-of-motion exercises for the neck and arm are introduced. As treatment progresses, the exercises move into more of a strengthening program. Eventually, rehabilitation progresses to a functional-activity program, such as lifting and carrying.

In most cases, the problems and symptoms involved will resolve. Unfortunately, since the injury involves the nerves, healing can be slow and uncomfortable. In the more severe cases, additional tests and diagnostic exams by a neurologist or other similar health professional may be needed.